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Abstract
In Ayurveda, vyadhi refers to disease or illness, defined as a state of imbalance in the body's natural
harmony. According to Ayurveda, health is maintained when the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha),
seven Dhatus (tissues), and three Malas (waste products) are in balance, along with proper Agni
(digestive fire) and the smooth functioning of the body's Srotas (channels) which leads to mental and
spiritual wellbeing.
[1]
A disturbance in any of these elements leads to the manifestation of Vyadhi some
of which are described in the Samhita (ukta vyadhi) where as some are to be understood with the
principles (anukta vyadhi), both for assessment and treatment. Anukta Vyadhi refers to the concept of
unclassified or unnamed diseases in Ayurveda. Meaning of the word anukta is unstated/ unsaid/ hidden.
[2]
Despite the absence of a specific name or classification, the ancient texts like Charaka Samhita,
Susruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya provide guidelines for diagnosing and treating these conditions.
This article explores the principles and methodologies outlined in the Samhita for the assessment and
management of anukta vyadhi. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying
pathophysiology through a holistic approach, involving dosha imbalance, dhatu involvement, and srotas
assessment.
The review also highlights the flexibility and comprehensiveness of Ayurvedic diagnostic tools in
addressing diseases beyond the named or categorized conditions.
Keywords : Anukta vyadhi, visesha chikitsa, treatment, untold diseases, assessment tool, Ayurveda, Trividha
bodhya sangraha, Ashraya ashrayi bhava.
Corresponding author: Dr. Veena P V
Article Info: Published on : 15/10/2024
P
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Diagnostic and Treatment Tool for The Assessment and Management Of
Anukta Vyadhi
Dr.Greeshma Mohan
1
, Dr.P V Veena
2
, Dr.Arun Vaidya
3
1,2
Assistant Professor, Department of Ayurveda Samhita and Siddhanta, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Parul
University, Vadodara, Gujarat.
3
Professor, Department of Ayurveda Samhita and Siddhanta, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Parul
University, Vadodara, Gujarat.
Cite this article as: - Dr. Veena P V (2024) : Diagnostic and Treatment Tool for The Assessment and Management Of
Anukta Vyadhi; Inter.J.Dignostics and Research 2 (1) 19-25, DOI: 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 3 9 3 6 5 5 6
G
A
R
V
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Introduction:
Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, offers a
comprehensive system of health and healing.
Within its vast knowledge base, the concept of
anukta vyadhi plays a crucial role. Anukta vyadhi
refers to diseases that are not explicitly named or
categorized in classical Ayurvedic texts but can be
identified and treated based on their symptoms
and underlying pathophysiology. The classical
texts, particularly the Charaka Samhita, Susruta
Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, provide a
profound understanding of how to approach these
unnamed conditions.
The Ayurvedic approach to anukta vyadhi
underscores the importance of Prakriti
(constitution), Vikriti (current state of health), and
the dynamic interplay of Dosha (bodily humors),
Dhatu (tissues), and Mala (waste products). This
review aims to discuss the diagnostic and
treatment tools provided in these texts for
interpreting and managing anukta vyadhi, offering
insights into the application of ancient wisdom to
contemporary health challenges.
Materials and Methods :
A comprehensive review of Ayurvedic texts and
contemporary research was conducted to identify
relevant treatments and practices in anukta vyadhi.
Sources included classical Ayurvedic literature
such as the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita
and Ashtanga Hridaya as well as scientific studies
that evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic
interventions in untold diseases.
Results:
1. Diagnostic Tool For The Assessment Of
Anukta Vyadhi :
Acharya Charaka has placed samanya and visesha
at first among shad padartha that are accepted
from Vaiseshika darshana in as it is form.
[3]
However, they are entitled as Shat karana i.e.,
instrumental factors to attain the goal of
dhatusamyata.
[4]
The term disease has been
defined as dosha vaishamya / dhatu vaishamya
[5]
i.e., imbalance of the vitiated state of body
elements; in Ayurvedic classics. This imbalanced
state may arise in two forms either kshaya or
vriddhi
[6]
and both are necessarily be reset into
normal healthy functional state through chikitsa.
This process of re-establishing the sharira dhatu
into normalcy is attained by samanya and visesha
application of ahara, vihara and aushadha.
Assessment of anukta vyadhi can be done with the
help of:
ï‚· Trividha bodhya sangraha
1. Vikara prakriti: the involvement of dosha
in a disease can be identified according to
the exposed symptoms.
[7]
Kshaya of dosha
or dhatu can be assessed by Prakruta karma
hani.
[8]
Vriddhi of dosha or dhatu can be
assessed by guna karma visesha.
[9]
ï‚· Amshamsha kalpana of pravrudha
dosha.
[10]
ï‚· Lakshana visesha: Symptomatic
assessment through specific
symptoms of the disease.
2. Adhishtana: Adhishtana should be
understood with the srotas and dushya
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involved. The dushya / dhatu and srotas
involved in a disease can be assessed
according to srotodushti lakshana.
[11]
3. Hetu visesha: The diagnosis of anukta
vyadhi can be done by the interrogation of
causative factors along with aggravating
and relieving factors involved in the
disease.
ï‚· Trividha hetus of vyadhi are described in
samhita such as Heena, Mithya, and
Atiyoga of kala-artha and karma
respectively.
[12]
ï‚· Prakriti and Vikriti Analysis through
dasavidha pareeksha: The diagnosis of
anukta vyadhi begins with a thorough
analysis of the patient's prakriti and vikriti.
Charaka Samhita emphasizes the
importance of understanding the
individual's prakriti (constitution) and the
current imbalance of doshas along with
other factors under the tenfold examination
of a disease.
[13]
ï‚· As given in Ashtang hriday sutrasthana 12,
Dashavidha parikshya bhava dushyam,
desham, balam, kalam, prakrutim, analam,
vayah,satwam,satyamam, aaharam should
be examined for understanding of Anukta
vyadhi.
[14]
ï‚· Roga Margas (Pathways of Disease):
According to Susruta Samhita, diseases
manifest through various roga margas,
which are pathways or channels where the
doshas circulate and interact with dhatus
and malas. Identifying the affected roga
marga is crucial for diagnosing anukta
vyadhi.
ï‚· Ashta Sthana Pariksha (Eightfold
Examination): Ashtanga Hridaya
recommends the Ashta Sthana Pariksha,
which includes examination of nadi (pulse),
mala (stool), mutra (urine), jihva (tongue),
shabda (voice), sparsha (touch), drik
(eyes), and akriti (overall appearance). This
comprehensive examination aids in the
identification of the disease's root cause.
2. Treatment Approaches For Anukta Vyadhi :
ï‚· Nidana parivarjana: According to Susruta
Samhita, the first line of treatment of any
disease is avoiding the exposure to
causative factors.
[15]
ï‚· Ashraya ashrayi bhava: The fundamental
principle of management of disease depends
on the involvement of dosha and dushya in
a disease. The basic goal of an entire
treatment is to re-establish the
dhatusamyata,
[16]
that can be attributed to
the healthy functional state of dosha, dhatu
and mala.
ï‚· As described by Acharya Charaka, the
foremost negative phenomenon in
exposition of the disease arise due to
abnormal increase of any sharira dhatu and
to bring them into normalcy through
diminution is achieved by the factor
visesha. This visesha application is
attributed to the three basic factors of the
disease- dosha viparita, dushya viparita and
nidana viparita.
[17]
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ï‚· The same guideline further comes into the
context of upashaya in the form of hetu
vipartia, vyadhi viparita and hetu vyadhi
viparita and tatharthakari i.e., hetu
viparitarthakari, vyadhi viparitarthakari
and hetu vyadhi viparitarthakari application
of ahara, vihara and aushadha which are
proven to be favourable to health.
[18]
ï‚· Besides, Acharya Charaka has conclusively
indicated this visesha concept in treatment
application for both preventive and curative
type as;
1. A person who is emaciated, he be treated
with santarpana.
[19]
2. Obese/ over nourished be treated with
apatarpana.
[20]
3. i.e., the treatment run by application of
ahara, vihara or aushadha which
possess the nature or property opposite to
the causative factors of the disease.
[21]
The general line of treatment which can be
adopted for any vyadhi based on the roga bala
(severity of the disease), rogi bala (strength of the
patient) are:
ï‚· Shodhana (Purification): Susruta Samhita
suggests purification therapies, such as
panchakarma / panchashodhana, to
eliminate the aggravated doshas from the
body. Shodhana is particularly effective in
chronic and complex anukta vyadhi.
[22]
ï‚· Shamana (Pacification): Charaka Samhita
emphasizes Shamana, which involves
pacifying the imbalanced doshas through
diet, lifestyle modifications, and herbal
formulations. This approach is suitable for
managing milder forms of anukta vyadhi.
[23]
ï‚· Rasayana (Rejuvenation): Ashtanga
Hridaya advocates the use of rasayana
therapies to strengthen the immune system
and restore the balance of dhatus,
promoting overall health and preventing
recurrence.
[24]
Discussion :
The concept of anukta vyadhi demonstrates the
dynamic and adaptable nature of Ayurveda. While
modern medicine often relies on disease
classification and specific diagnostic criteria,
Ayurveda approaches health and disease from a
holistic perspective. The absence of a specific
name for a disease does not limit the Ayurvedic
physician's ability to diagnose and treat the
condition effectively. Instead, the focus remains
on understanding the underlying pathophysiology
and restoring balance to the body's systems.
The review underscores the relevance of
Ayurvedic diagnostic and treatment tools in
contemporary healthcare, particularly in the
context of diseases that do not fit neatly into
conventional categories. The principles of dosha
imbalance, dhatu involvement, and roga margas
provide a robust framework for understanding and
managing a wide range of health conditions.
Conclusion :
Anukta vyadhi represents a unique and important
aspect of Ayurvedic medicine, highlighting the
system's ability to address a vast array of health
conditions through a personalized and holistic
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approach. After reviewing through the literature
pertaining to the Anukta Vyadhi, it appears that
they exist because of extreme
alterations in dietary lifestyle, and
environmental changes that are taking place and
currently prevalent new pathogens, genetic
mutations and hormonal imbalance.
Acharya envisioned this kind of
illnesses in the future. Consequently, they had
provided the
directions to research the recently emerging
ailments through various siddhanta.
The diagnostic and treatment tools outlined in the
Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, and Ashtanga
Hridaya offer valuable insights into managing
diseases that are not explicitly named in classical
texts. This review illustrates the enduring
relevance of Ayurvedic principles in addressing
contemporary health challenges, particularly those
that may not conform to conventional medical
classifications.
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